Central Committee, State Council: By 2025, the initial establishment of a system of rules for the development and utilization of public data resources will significantly improve the scale and quality of resource supply

The Zhitong Finance APP learned that on October 9th, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued opinions on accelerating the development and utilization of public data resources. It mentioned that by 2025, the initial establishment of the system rules for the development and utilization of public data resources, a significant increase in the scale and quality of resource supply, continuous enrichment of data products and services, significant achievements in the development and utilization of public data resources in key industries and regions, cultivation of a group of data element-based enterprises, and the initial manifestation of the role of public data resources elements. By 2030, the system rules for the development and utilization of public data resources will be more mature, the development and utilization system will be fully established, data circulation and use will be compliant and efficient, and the role of public data in empowering the real economy, expanding consumer demand, expanding investment space, and enhancing governance capabilities will be fully realized.

Original Text:

Opinions of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council on Accelerating the Development and Utilization of Public Data Resources

(September 21, 2024)

The public data generated by party and government organs, enterprises, and institutions in the process of performing their duties or providing public services at all levels is an important basic strategic resource of the country. In order to accelerate the development and utilization of public data resources, fully unleash the potential of public data elements, and promote high-quality development, with the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, the following opinions are now proposed.

I. General Requirements

Adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the second and third plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, fully implement the new development concept in an integrated, accurate, and comprehensive manner, coordinate development and security, balance efficiency and fairness, take promoting the compliant and efficient circulation and use of public data as the main line, aim to improve the level of resource development and utilization, remove institutional barriers and mechanistic obstacles to the circulation and use of public data, stimulate the power of sharing and openness, optimize the allocation of public data resources, release the innovative vitality of the market, fully leverage the amplification, superposition, and multiplication effects of data elements, and provide solid support for continuously strengthening, improving, and expanding the digital economy and building new national competitive advantages.

In the work, we must: adhere to government guidance and market drive. Strengthen government guidance and regulation, give full play to the role of market mechanisms, effectively expand public data supply, improve the efficiency of public data resource allocation and utilization benefits. Adhere to respecting laws and regulations, and innovation. Encourage regions and departments to promote sharing and openness according to local conditions, explore authorized operations in accordance with regulations, and improve the system of resource development and utilization. Persist in systematic advancement and efficient coordination. Strengthen top-level design, clarify the management boundaries of departments and localities, gradually form a pattern of public data resource development and utilization with clear rights and responsibilities and coordinated blocks. Adhere to accelerating development and maintaining security. Promote the combination of institutional construction and capacity building, integrate security throughout the entire process of public data resource development and utilization, and guard against various data risks.

The main goals are: by 2025, the initial establishment of the system rules for the development and utilization of public data resources, a significant increase in the scale and quality of resource supply, continuous enrichment of data products and services, significant achievements in the development and utilization of public data resources in key industries and regions, cultivation of a group of data element-based enterprises, and the initial manifestation of the role of public data resources elements. By 2030, the system rules for the development and utilization of public data resources will be more mature, the development and utilization system will be fully established, data circulation and use will be compliant and efficient, and the role of public data in empowering the real economy, expanding consumer demand, expanding investment space, and enhancing governance capabilities will be fully realized II. Deepen the reform of data elements configuration and expand the supply of public data resources

(1) Coordinate the promotion of government data sharing. Improve the government data catalog, implement unified management, promote the realization of "one data source", continuously improve the quality and management level of government data. Promote the combination of proactive sharing and on-demand sharing, improve the responsibility list for government data sharing, and carry out resource release work. Strengthen the support role of existing data sharing platforms, promote cross-level, cross-regional, cross-system, cross-department, and cross-business government data sharing and business collaboration around "efficiently accomplishing one thing", continuously enhance the sense of acquisition for the masses and enterprises.

(2) Promote the orderly opening of public data. Improve the policy system for opening public data, clarify the rights, responsibilities, and scope of opening public data, and open public data in an orderly manner in accordance with laws and regulations while maintaining national data security, protecting personal information, and commercial secrets. Improve the public data opening platform, compile and publish an open directory and dynamically update it, prioritize the opening of data closely related to people's livelihood and urgently needed by society, encourage the establishment of a feedback mechanism for public data opening demands, and improve the integrity, accuracy, timeliness, and machine readability of open data.

(3) Encourage exploring public data authorization operation. Implement the requirements of the structural separation of data property rights and explore the establishment of a mechanism for classifying and authorizing public data. Strengthen the overall management of authorized operations, clarify data management agencies, explore incorporating authorized operations into the scope of "three major decisions and one major plan", clarify authorization conditions, operation modes, operation periods, exit mechanisms, and security management responsibilities, and adopt overall authorization, domain-specific authorization, and scenario-based authorization models based on actual conditions, authorize qualified operation institutions to develop public data resources, operate products, and provide technical services. Data management agencies should fulfill industry regulatory responsibilities, guide and supervise operating institutions to operate in accordance with laws and regulations. Operating institutions should implement authorization requirements, standardize operating behaviors, provide services fairly to the market, strictly prohibit unauthorized use of data beyond the scope. Accelerate the formation of a clear division of responsibilities and collaborative authorization operation pattern among departments and provinces. Timely formulate regulations on the management of public data resource authorization operations.

III. Strengthen resource management and regulate public data authorization operations

(4) Improve the resource management system. Establish a public data resource registration system, rely on the government data catalog, compile a public data resource directory based on application needs, and register and manage public data resources included in the scope of authorized operations. Improve the availability of public data resources, promote the standardization and normalization of data resources, carry out classified and graded management of data, strengthen governance at the data source, quality supervision and inspection, achieve feedback on data quality, traceability in the use process, and handling of data disputes.

(5) Improve operational supervision. Establish a mechanism for disclosing the situation of public data resource authorization operations, and disclose the authorized objects, content, scope, and duration of authorization operations according to regulations. Operating institutions should publicly disclose lists of public data products and service capabilities, disclose the use of public data resources, and accept social supervision. Operating institutions should conduct business within the authorized scope in accordance with laws and regulations, refrain from entering into monopoly agreements or abusing market dominance with other operators, and avoid engaging in unfair competition practices (Six) Establishing a sound price formation mechanism to safeguard public interests. Leveraging the regulatory role of price policies, accelerating the establishment of a price formation mechanism that conforms to the characteristics of public data elements. Guiding and promoting the conditional free use of public data products and services for public governance and public welfare. For commercial products and services using public data for industrial and sectoral development that require fees, implementing government-guided pricing management.

Four, Encouraging innovation and promoting the healthy development of the data industry

(Seven) Enriching data application scenarios. In industries and fields with high market demand and abundant data resources, expanding application scenarios, encouraging operators to develop products and provide services using public data resources. Encouraging and supporting enterprises, institutions, and social organizations to develop public welfare products using public data for free, providing convenient services to the public. Supporting the development, training, and application of large-scale artificial intelligence government services to enhance the intelligence level of public services and social governance.

(Eight) Promoting regional data collaboration. Implementing major regional strategies and strategies for coordinated regional development, encouraging innovation in the development and utilization of public data resources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, the Central Yangtze River City Cluster, and other regions to promote the development of a nationally integrated data market and cultivate emerging industries. Exploring the establishment of regional cooperation and interest adjustment mechanisms for the development and utilization of public data resources, supporting regions in the east, central, and west to leverage their comparative advantages, and engaging in regional cooperation in data storage, computing, services, and other aspects to share the dividends of data elements.

(Nine) Strengthening data service capabilities. Strengthening the construction of data infrastructure, promoting the transformation of data utilization towards a direction that emphasizes both sharing aggregation and application service capabilities. Promoting diverse data fusion applications to enrich data products and services. Researching and formulating standards and specifications for data infrastructure to promote facility interconnection, capability interoperability, and the construction of a collaborative and efficient national public data service capability system. Encouraging regions with conditions to explore on-site trading models for public data products and services, coordinating the planning and layout of data trading venues, and guiding and regulating the healthy development of data trading venues.

(Ten) Prosperity of the data industry development ecosystem. Including the data industry as an encouraged development category in the industrial structure adjustment guidance catalog, supporting technological innovations in data collection, annotation, analysis, mining, circulation, usage, and data security, encouraging the development of various forms of data products such as data models, data verification, evaluation indices, etc. Focusing on data collection, storage, computation, management, and nurturing high-level data element-based enterprises. Focusing on computing networks and trustworthy circulation, supporting the development of data infrastructure enterprises. Implementing policies such as research and development expense deduction, tax incentives for high-tech enterprises, etc. Supporting the development of industry associations, societies, and industry alliances in the data sector, consolidating industry consensus, strengthening industry self-discipline, and promoting industry development.

Five, Coordinated development and security, creating a favorable environment for development and utilization

(Eleven) Enhancing innovation incentives. Clarifying the responsibility boundaries for public data management and operation, optimizing institutional resource allocation around strengthening management responsibilities. In regions and departments with conditions, based on the principle of moderate separation of management and operation, public institutions responsible for data operation, under the premise of ensuring government applications and public services, may be restructured into enterprises in accordance with relevant national regulations. Pilot projects may establish industry-specific and regional operating agencies, which shall be managed in accordance with relevant laws and regulations on state-owned assets, and those meeting the requirements shall be included in centralized and unified supervision of operating state-owned assets. Research and formulate incentive policies to support the development of operational institutions.

(12) Strengthen security management. Strengthen data security and personal information protection, enhance supervision and management throughout the entire process of data resource production, processing, product operation, and development. Establish a sound work system for classification, risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, emergency response, etc., conduct security risk assessments for public data utilization, and conduct normative reviews of application business. Operational institutions should fulfill the main responsibilities of data security in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, and policy requirements, take necessary security measures, and protect public data security. Enhance technical capacity building, improve the level of risk identification and control for data aggregation and correlation. Public data that needs to be kept confidential by law should not be disclosed, and original public data that has not been disclosed in accordance with laws and regulations should be strictly controlled from entering the market directly.

(13) Encourage trial and innovation. Fully consider unknown variables in the data field, implement the "three distinctions", encourage and protect officials to take on responsibilities, create an atmosphere that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship, support active exploration of feasible paths in terms of institutional mechanisms, authorized compliance, price formation, profit distribution, etc. Fully understand the potential risks of large-scale data utilization, resolutely prevent "data corruption" such as using data for personal gain, adhere to correcting mistakes and faults, promptly discover and correct emerging and trending issues, take remedial measures for mistakes and errors in a timely manner, and safeguard public data security.

VI. Strengthen organizational implementation

(14) Strengthen organizational leadership. Adhere to and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party in data work. Under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, all regions and departments should strengthen organizational implementation, implement this opinion well in combination with reality. The General Office of the State Council should strengthen work coordination, coordinate the promotion of government data sharing work. The National Bureau of Statistics should strengthen work coordination, dynamically grasp the development and utilization of public data resources nationwide, and timely coordinate and solve important issues in work. Report important situations to the Party Central Committee and the State Council in a timely manner according to procedures.

(15) Strengthen funding guarantee. Increase support from the central budget for the construction of data infrastructure and data security capacity building. All regions and departments can coordinate the allocation of funds for data product and service procurement according to actual needs. Encourage various financial institutions to innovate products and services, increase financing support for data element-based enterprises and data infrastructure enterprises. Guide social capital to participate in public data resource development and utilization activities in an orderly manner.

(16) Enhance support capabilities. Accelerate the establishment of systems for data ownership identification, market transactions, rights distribution, and interest protection. Coordinate the construction and management of the standard system in the data field, organize the development, promotion, implementation, and evaluation of relevant standards. Relying on national key research and development plans, national major science and technology projects, etc., carry out key technological research and tackle key issues in data encryption, trusted circulation, and security governance. Strengthen the construction of talent teams in the data field, incorporate the improvement of capabilities in data work into the content of cadre education and training. Actively participate in international exchanges and cooperation, promote the formulation of international governance rules for public data and the establishment of international standards.

(17) Strengthen evaluation and supervision. All regions and departments can explore and carry out performance assessments of the development and utilization of public data resources based on actual conditions, and open the directory and utilization of public data resources to audit authorities in accordance with laws and regulations. Encourage the evaluation of the effectiveness of public data resource development and utilization and third-party evaluations, strengthen experience summarization and promotion, and create a good atmosphere This article is selected from "Xinhua News Agency", edited by Jiang Yuanhua from China Fortune Media.